Co wydarzyło się 31 Grudzień?
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WYDARZENIA 31 GRUDZIEń
Queen Victoria
Rok:
1857
Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa, then a small logging town, as the capital of the Province of Canada.
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Abraham Lincoln
Rok:
1862
American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln signs an enabling act that would admit West Virginia to the Union, thus dividing Virginia in two.
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Iguanodon
Rok:
1853
A dinner party is held inside a life-size model of an iguanodon created by Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins and Sir Richard Owen in south London, England.
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Philippines
Rok:
1844
The Philippines skipped this date in order to align the country with the rest of Asia, as the trading interest switched to China, Dutch East Indies and neighboring territories after Mexico gained independence from Spain on 27 September 1821. In the islands, Monday, 30 December 1844 was immediately followed by Wednesday, 1 January 1845.
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Baltimore
Rok:
1796
The incorporation of Baltimore as a city.
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Gramercy Park
Rok:
1831
Gramercy Park is deeded to New York City.
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American Civil War
Rok:
1862
American Civil War: The three-day Battle of Stones River begins near Murfreesboro, Tennessee between the Confederate Army of Tennessee under General Braxton Bragg and the Union Army of the Cumberland under General William S. Rosecrans.
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Carl Benz
Rok:
1878
Karl Benz, working in Mannheim, Germany, files for a patent on his first reliable two-stroke gas engine. He was granted the patent in 1879.
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USS Essex (CV-9)
Rok:
1942
USS Essex, first aircraft carrier of a 24-ship class, is commissioned.
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Operation Northwind (1944)
Rok:
1944
World War II: Operation Nordwind, the last major Wehrmacht offensive on the Western Front, begins.
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URODZINY 31 GRUDZIEń
Siné
Rok urodzenia:
1928
Siné, French cartoonist (died 2016)
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Tatyana Shmyga
Rok urodzenia:
1928
Tatyana Shmyga, Russian actress and singer (died 2011)
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Billy Snedden
Rok urodzenia:
1926
Billy Snedden, Australian lawyer and politician, 17th Attorney-General for Australia (died 1987)
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Shrilal Shukla
Rok urodzenia:
1925
Sri Lal Sukla, Indian author (died 2011)
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Daphne Oram
Rok urodzenia:
1925
Daphne Oram, British composer and electronic musician (died 2003)
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Veijo Meri
Rok urodzenia:
1928
Veijo Meri, Finnish author and translator (died 2015)
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Hugh McElhenny
Rok urodzenia:
1928
Hugh McElhenny, American football player (died 2022)
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Jaime Escalante
Rok urodzenia:
1930
Jaime Escalante, Bolivian-American educator (died 2010)
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Odetta
Rok urodzenia:
1930
Odetta, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress (died 2008)
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Mies Bouwman
Rok urodzenia:
1929
Mies Bouwman, Dutch television host (died 2018)
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ZGONY 31 GRUDZIEń
Thomas Joannes Stieltjes
Rok śmierci:
1894
Thomas Joannes Stieltjes, Dutch mathematician and academic (born 1856)
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Samuel Ajayi Crowther
Rok śmierci:
1891
Samuel Ajayi Crowther, Nigerian bishop and linguist (born 1809)
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Spencer Trask
Rok śmierci:
1909
Spencer Trask, American financier and philanthropist (born 1844)
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John Moisant
Rok śmierci:
1910
John Moisant, American pilot and engineer (born 1868)
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Boies Penrose
Rok śmierci:
1921
Boies Penrose, American lawyer and politician (born 1860)
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Archibald Hoxsey
Rok śmierci:
1910
Archibald Hoxsey, American pilot (born 1884)
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Pancha Carrasco
Rok śmierci:
1890
Pancha Carrasco, Costa Rican soldier (born 1826)
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Ion Creangă
Rok śmierci:
1889
Ion Creangă, Romanian author and educator (born 1837)
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Catherine Labouré
Rok śmierci:
1876
Catherine Labouré, French nun and saint (born 1806)
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Aleksis Kivi
Rok śmierci:
1872
Aleksis Kivi, Finnish author and playwright (born 1834)
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ŚWIęTA 31 GRUDZIEń
Ōmisoka
New Year's Eve (International observance), and its related observances: Ōmisoka (Japan)
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Hogmanay
New Year's Eve (International observance), and its related observances: The first day of Hogmanay or "Auld Year's Night" (Scotland)
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Twelve Days of Christmas
The seventh of the Twelve Days of Christmas (Western Christianity)
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Novy God
New Year's Eve (International observance), and its related observances: Novy God Eve (Russia)
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Public holidays in the Philippines
New Year's Eve (International observance), and its related observances: Last Day of the Year or Bisperás ng Bagong Taón, special holiday between Rizal Day and New Year's Day (Philippines)
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December 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Christian feast day: December 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
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Pope Sylvester I
Christian feast day: Pope Sylvester I (Catholic Church)
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First Night
New Year's Eve (International observance), and its related observances: First Night (United States)
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Penult
The sixth and penultimate day of Kwanzaa (United States)
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International Solidarity Day of Azerbaijanis
International Solidarity Day of Azerbaijanis (Azerbaijan)
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