Vad hände den 31 December?

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HäNDELSER DEN 31 DECEMBER

Queen Victoria

År: 1857

Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa, then a small logging town, as the capital of the Province of Canada.

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Abraham Lincoln

År: 1862

American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln signs an enabling act that would admit West Virginia to the Union, thus dividing Virginia in two.

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Iguanodon

År: 1853

A dinner party is held inside a life-size model of an iguanodon created by Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins and Sir Richard Owen in south London, England.

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Philippines

År: 1844

The Philippines skipped this date in order to align the country with the rest of Asia, as the trading interest switched to China, Dutch East Indies and neighboring territories after Mexico gained independence from Spain on 27 September 1821. In the islands, Monday, 30 December 1844 was immediately followed by Wednesday, 1 January 1845.

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Baltimore

År: 1796

The incorporation of Baltimore as a city.

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Gramercy Park

År: 1831

Gramercy Park is deeded to New York City.

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American Civil War

År: 1862

American Civil War: The three-day Battle of Stones River begins near Murfreesboro, Tennessee between the Confederate Army of Tennessee under General Braxton Bragg and the Union Army of the Cumberland under General William S. Rosecrans.

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Carl Benz

År: 1878

Karl Benz, working in Mannheim, Germany, files for a patent on his first reliable two-stroke gas engine. He was granted the patent in 1879.

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USS Essex (CV-9)

År: 1942

USS Essex, first aircraft carrier of a 24-ship class, is commissioned.

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Operation Northwind (1944)

År: 1944

World War II: Operation Nordwind, the last major Wehrmacht offensive on the Western Front, begins.

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FöDELSEDAGAR DEN 31 DECEMBER

Siné

Födelseår: 1928

Siné, French cartoonist (died 2016)

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Tatyana Shmyga

Födelseår: 1928

Tatyana Shmyga, Russian actress and singer (died 2011)

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Billy Snedden

Födelseår: 1926

Billy Snedden, Australian lawyer and politician, 17th Attorney-General for Australia (died 1987)

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Shrilal Shukla

Födelseår: 1925

Sri Lal Sukla, Indian author (died 2011)

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Daphne Oram

Födelseår: 1925

Daphne Oram, British composer and electronic musician (died 2003)

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Veijo Meri

Födelseår: 1928

Veijo Meri, Finnish author and translator (died 2015)

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Hugh McElhenny

Födelseår: 1928

Hugh McElhenny, American football player (died 2022)

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Jaime Escalante

Födelseår: 1930

Jaime Escalante, Bolivian-American educator (died 2010)

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Odetta

Födelseår: 1930

Odetta, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress (died 2008)

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Mies Bouwman

Födelseår: 1929

Mies Bouwman, Dutch television host (died 2018)

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DöDSFALL DEN 31 DECEMBER

Thomas Joannes Stieltjes

Dödsår: 1894

Thomas Joannes Stieltjes, Dutch mathematician and academic (born 1856)

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Samuel Ajayi Crowther

Dödsår: 1891

Samuel Ajayi Crowther, Nigerian bishop and linguist (born 1809)

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Spencer Trask

Dödsår: 1909

Spencer Trask, American financier and philanthropist (born 1844)

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John Moisant

Dödsår: 1910

John Moisant, American pilot and engineer (born 1868)

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Boies Penrose

Dödsår: 1921

Boies Penrose, American lawyer and politician (born 1860)

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Archibald Hoxsey

Dödsår: 1910

Archibald Hoxsey, American pilot (born 1884)

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Pancha Carrasco

Dödsår: 1890

Pancha Carrasco, Costa Rican soldier (born 1826)

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Ion Creangă

Dödsår: 1889

Ion Creangă, Romanian author and educator (born 1837)

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Catherine Labouré

Dödsår: 1876

Catherine Labouré, French nun and saint (born 1806)

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Aleksis Kivi

Dödsår: 1872

Aleksis Kivi, Finnish author and playwright (born 1834)

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HELGDAGAR DEN 31 DECEMBER

Ōmisoka

New Year's Eve (International observance), and its related observances: Ōmisoka (Japan)

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Hogmanay

New Year's Eve (International observance), and its related observances: The first day of Hogmanay or "Auld Year's Night" (Scotland)

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Twelve Days of Christmas

The seventh of the Twelve Days of Christmas (Western Christianity)

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Novy God

New Year's Eve (International observance), and its related observances: Novy God Eve (Russia)

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Public holidays in the Philippines

New Year's Eve (International observance), and its related observances: Last Day of the Year or Bisperás ng Bagong Taón, special holiday between Rizal Day and New Year's Day (Philippines)

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