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TAPAHTUMAT 13. JOULUKUU
Fenians
Vuosi:
1867
A Fenian bomb explodes in Clerkenwell, London, killing 12 people and injuring 50.
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Sherman's March to the Sea
Vuosi:
1864
American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea: The Second Battle of Fort McAllister ends with the fort being seized by Union forces under General William B. Hazen, threatening the city of Savannah with investment.
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American Civil War
Vuosi:
1862
American Civil War: At the Battle of Fredericksburg, Confederate General Robert E. Lee repulses attacks by Union Major General Ambrose Burnside on Marye's Heights, inflicting heavy casualties.
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Second Sino-Japanese War
Vuosi:
1937
Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanking: The city of Nanjing, defended by the National Revolutionary Army under the command of General Tang Shengzhi, falls to the Japanese. This is followed by the Nanking Massacre, in which Japanese troops rape and slaughter hundreds of thousands of civilians.
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The Holocaust
Vuosi:
1938
The Holocaust: The Neuengamme concentration camp opens in the Bergedorf district of Hamburg, Germany.
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Knesset
Vuosi:
1949
The Knesset votes to move the capital of Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.
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Kalavryta massacre
Vuosi:
1943
World War II: The Massacre of Kalavryta by German occupying forces in Greece.
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Battle of the River Plate
Vuosi:
1939
The Battle of the River Plate is fought off the coast of Uruguay; the first naval battle of World War II. The Kriegsmarine's Deutschland-class cruiser (pocket battleship) Admiral Graf Spee engages with three Royal Navy cruisers: HMS Ajax, HMNZS Achilles and HMS Exeter.
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Cyril VI of Constantinople
Vuosi:
1818
Cyril VI of Constantinople resigns from his position as Ecumenical Patriarch under pressure from the Ottoman Empire.
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Dartmouth College
Vuosi:
1769
Dartmouth College is founded by the Reverend Eleazar Wheelock, with a royal charter from King George III, on land donated by Royal governor John Wentworth.
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SYNTYMäT 13. JOULUKUU
Albert Aalbers
Syntymävuosi:
1897
Albert Aalbers, Dutch architect, designed the Savoy Homann Bidakara Hotel (died 1961)
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Drew Pearson (journalist)
Syntymävuosi:
1897
Drew Pearson, American journalist and author (died 1969)
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Jonel Perlea
Syntymävuosi:
1900
Jonel Perlea, Romanian-American conductor and educator (died 1970)
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Talcott Parsons
Syntymävuosi:
1902
Talcott Parsons, American sociologist and academic (died 1979)
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Carlos Montoya
Syntymävuosi:
1903
Carlos Montoya, Spanish guitarist and composer (died 1993)
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Panagiotis Kanellopoulos
Syntymävuosi:
1902
Panagiotis Kanellopoulos, Greek philosopher and politician, 138th Prime Minister of Greece (died 1986)
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Lucía Sánchez Saornil
Syntymävuosi:
1895
Lucía Sánchez Saornil, Spanish anarchist feminist (died 1970)
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George Pólya
Syntymävuosi:
1887
George Pólya, Hungarian-American mathematician and academic (died 1985)
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Josef Lhévinne
Syntymävuosi:
1874
Josef Lhévinne, Russian pianist and educator (died 1944)
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Emily Carr
Syntymävuosi:
1871
Emily Carr, Canadian painter and author (died 1945)
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KUOLEMAT 13. JOULUKUU
August Šenoa
Kuolinvuosi:
1881
August Šenoa, Croatian author and poet (born 1838)
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Victor de Laprade
Kuolinvuosi:
1883
Victor de Laprade, French poet and critic (born 1812)
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Georg August Rudolph
Kuolinvuosi:
1893
Georg August Rudolph, German lawyer and politician, 3rd Mayor of Marburg (born 1816)
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Ányos Jedlik
Kuolinvuosi:
1895
Ányos Jedlik, Hungarian physicist and engineer (born 1800)
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Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius
Kuolinvuosi:
1868
Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, German botanist and explorer (born 1794)
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Friedrich Hebbel
Kuolinvuosi:
1863
Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German poet and playwright (born 1813)
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Samuel Johnson
Kuolinvuosi:
1784
Samuel Johnson, English poet and lexicographer (born 1709)
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Charles-Joseph, 7th Prince of Ligne
Kuolinvuosi:
1814
Charles-Joseph, 7th Prince of Ligne, Belgian-Austrian field marshal (born 1735)
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Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg
Kuolinvuosi:
1849
Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg, German botanist and entomologist (born 1766)
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Thomas R. R. Cobb
Kuolinvuosi:
1862
Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb, American general, lawyer, and politician (born 1823)
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JUHLAPäIVäT 13. JOULUKUU
Antiochus of Sulcis
Christian feast day: St Antiochus of Sulcis
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Armed Forces Day
Sailor's Day (Brazil)
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Nanjing Massacre Memorial Day
Nanking Massacre Memorial Day (China)
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Acadians
Acadian Remembrance Day (Acadians)
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Odile of Alsace
Christian feast day: St Odile of Alsace
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Saint Lucy's Day
Saint Lucia Day (mainly in Scandinavia)
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Saint Lucy
Christian feast day: St Lucy
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Republic Day (Malta)
Republic Day (Malta)
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Public holidays in Saint Lucia
National Day (Saint Lucia)
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Judoc
Christian feast day: St Judoc aka St Joyce
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