Co se stalo 31. Červenec?
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UDáLOSTI 31. ČERVENEC
Christchurch
Rok:
1856
Christchurch, New Zealand, is chartered as a city.
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Narrow-gauge railway
Rok:
1865
The first narrow-gauge mainline railway in the world opens at Grandchester, Queensland, Australia.
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Patent
Rok:
1790
The first U.S. patent is issued, to inventor Samuel Hopkins for a potash process.
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Second Continental Congress
Rok:
1777
The U.S. Second Continental Congress passes a resolution that the services of Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette "be accepted, and that, in consideration of his zeal, illustrious family and connexions, he have the rank and commission of major-general of the United States."
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Odawa
Rok:
1763
Odawa Chief Pontiac's forces defeat British troops at the Battle of Bloody Run during Pontiac's War.
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Patrick Francis Healy
Rok:
1874
Patrick Francis Healy became the first African-American inaugurated as president of a predominantly white university, Georgetown University.
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Russo-Japanese War
Rok:
1904
Russo-Japanese War: Battle of Hsimucheng: Units of the Imperial Japanese Army defeat units of the Imperial Russian Army in a strategic confrontation.
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Bulgaria
Rok:
1938
Bulgaria signs a non-aggression pact with Greece and other states of Balkan Antanti (Turkey, Romania, Yugoslavia).
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Gold
Rok:
1938
Archaeologists discover engraved gold and silver plates from King Darius the Great in Persepolis.
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Nazi Party
Rok:
1932
The NSDAP (Nazi Party) wins more than 38% of the vote in German elections.
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NAROZENí 31. ČERVENEC
John Swainson
Rok narození:
1925
John Swainson, Canadian-American jurist and politician, 42nd Governor of Michigan (died 1994)
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Carmel Quinn
Rok narození:
1925
Carmel Quinn, Irish singer, actress and writer (died 2021)
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Ahmet Ertegun
Rok narození:
1923
Ahmet Ertegun, Turkish-American songwriter and producer, founded Atlantic Records (died 2006)
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Stephanie Kwolek
Rok narození:
1923
Stephanie Kwolek, American chemist and engineer, invented Kevlar (died 2014)
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Hank Bauer
Rok narození:
1922
Hank Bauer, American baseball player and manager (died 2007)
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Hilary Putnam
Rok narození:
1926
Hilary Putnam, American mathematician, computer scientist, and philosopher (died 2016)
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Bernard Nathanson
Rok narození:
1926
Bernard Nathanson, American physician and activist (died 2011)
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Don Murray (actor)
Rok narození:
1929
Don Murray, American actor (died 2024)
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José Santamaría
Rok narození:
1929
José Santamaría, Uruguayan footballer and manager
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Bill Frenzel
Rok narození:
1928
Bill Frenzel, American lieutenant and politician (died 2014)
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ÚMRTí 31. ČERVENEC
Hedley Verity
Rok úmrtí:
1943
Hedley Verity, English cricketer and soldier (born 1905)
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Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
Rok úmrtí:
1944
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, French pilot and poet (born 1900)
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Cho Ki-chon
Rok úmrtí:
1951
Cho Ki-chon, North Korean poet (born 1913)
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Robert A. Taft
Rok úmrtí:
1953
Robert A. Taft, American soldier and politician (born 1889)
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Francis Younghusband
Rok úmrtí:
1942
Francis Younghusband, British Army Officer, explorer and spiritual writer (born 1863)
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Udham Singh
Rok úmrtí:
1940
Udham Singh, Indian activist (born 1899)
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Hedd Wyn
Rok úmrtí:
1917
Hedd Wyn, Welsh language poet (born 1887)
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Francis Ledwidge
Rok úmrtí:
1917
Francis Ledwidge, Irish soldier and poet (born 1881)
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Ion Dragoumis
Rok úmrtí:
1920
Ion Dragoumis, Greek philosopher and diplomat (born 1878)
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Onofre Marimón
Rok úmrtí:
1954
Onofre Marimón, Argentine race car driver (born 1923)
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SVáTEK 31. ČERVENEC
Sovereignty Restoration Day
Lā Hae Hawaiʻi Day (Hawaii, United States), and its related observance: Sovereignty Restoration Day (Hawaiian sovereignty movement)
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Udham Singh
Martyrdom Day of Shahid Udham Singh (Haryana and Punjab, India)
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Abanoub
Christian feast day: Abanoub
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July 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Christian feast day: July 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
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Germanus of Auxerre
Christian feast day: Germanus of Auxerre
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Saint Neot (monk)
Christian feast day: Neot
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Ignatius of Loyola
Christian feast day: Ignatius of Loyola
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Heroes' Day
Warriors' Day (Malaysia)
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Public holidays in Poland
Treasury Day (Poland)
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Baháʼí calendar
Earliest day on which the Feast of Kamál (Perfection) can fall, while August 1 is the latest; observed on the first day of the eighth month of the Baháʼí calendar. (Baháʼí Faith)
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